Anal Glands in Dogs: Symptoms and Vet-Approved Treatments for Blockages

Is your dog scooting on the carpet? This behavior is a classic symptom of anal sac disease. It's not uncommon for dogs to develop impacted anal glands, which, if left untreated, can lead to infection or even rupture.

In this article, we’ll discuss what you need to know about your dog's anal glands and how to keep them healthy.

Anatomy 101: Understanding Your Dog's Anal Glands

The anal sacs, also known as anal glands, are two small, lentil-shaped structures located inside the anus of dogs and cats. These glands play an important role in scent communication between animals, as they release a strong-smelling fluid that helps them mark territory or identify each other.

These glands act as scent markers, helping dogs identify and recognize one another through unique smells. In some animals, such as skunks, anal glands also serve a self-defense purpose, releasing a strong, foul odor when threatened.

Wolves, the ancestors of our beloved canine companions, have a natural ability to empty their anal sacs without assistance. However, due to centuries of selective breeding, domesticated dogs have largely lost this ability. This evolutionary change is one of the leading causes of the anal gland problems commonly seen by veterinarians today.

What Causes Anal Gland Problems in Dogs?

So, what causes anal gland problems in dogs? There isn’t a single cause. Anal gland disease in dogs is considered multi-factorial, meaning multiple factors can contribute to the development of the condition.

• Chronic diarrhea: Research indicates that chronic diarrhea and alterations in the anal muscle tone, such as obesity, can contribute to frequent episodes of dog anal gland issues.
• Abnormal duct system: Some dogs may have a smaller than normal duct system which may predispose them to impaction and infected anal glands.
• Allergies and/or endocrine imbalances: Food allergies or atopic dermatitis can lead to an increase in anal gland secretions, known as hypersecretion. Your dog will be more prone to anal gland problems in this case.
• Cancer: Anal gland cancer, or anal sac adenocarcinoma, is commonly found in older dogs, often leading to impaction and related anal gland issues.

Quick dog anal gland trivia

Did you know that small breeds are more likely to experience dog anal gland issues? In fact, the most commonly affected breeds include Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Poodles, Chihuahuas, and many brachycephalic breeds, such as Boston Terriers and French Bulldogs.

Help! How Do I Know If My Dog Has Impacted Anal Glands?

Fortunately, diagnosing impacted anal sacs in dogs is usually straightforward. Common clinical signs of anal gland impaction include:

• Excessive licking and chewing around the rectum or base of the tail
• Scooting! Yes, they scoot everywhere and anywhere
• Discharge around the rectum, which is most likely anal gland fluid
• A strong, frequent fishy odor around your dog's anus that spreads throughout your home

If not addressed promptly and appropriately, anal gland conditions in your dog can lead to more serious health complications. Recognizing the signs early is crucial to prevent anal gland problems.

Treating Anal Gland Issues in Dogs

When it comes to treating anal gland disease in dogs there are a few steps your veterinarian may take:

Dog anal gland expression

If your dog's anal glands feel full, the veterinarian may manually express the fluid from the anal sacs, providing instant relief. In some cases, if expression is too difficult, your veterinarian may sedate your dog and flush the sacs with saline or an antiseptic solution.

Anal sacculitis

If your dog's anal glands show severe inflammation or infection, the veterinarian will first manually express the gland fluid, followed by infusing the anal sacs with an antimicrobial and steroid solution. This procedure helps alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation. Moreover, this will also help keep acute anal gland infection at bay.

Additionally, when yeast is present, topical antifungal agents may be applied to help soothe your dog's anal glands. The manual expression and infusion process can be repeated every 5 to 7 days for a series of 3 to 4 treatments, as needed.

What Happens If You Don't Treat Anal Gland Problems in Dogs?

If impacted anal sacs are not addressed promptly, they can progress to severe inflammation and infection, a condition known as anal sacculitis. Without intervention, this can escalate to an anal gland abscess.

An anal gland problem should not be neglected

Treatment for this advanced stage often involves a course of oral antibiotics and pain management. If the abscess ruptures, immediate veterinary care is essential. Therefore, swift action is crucial if you notice your dog scooting its hind end.

Can I Get My Dog's Anal Gland Removed?

Removal of the dog anal glands, technically known as an anal sacculectomy, is a common procedure performed by skilled veterinarians. It becomes necessary when conventional treatments fail to resolve impaction or infection, or in cases of recurring issues.

Typically, both of your dog's anal glands are removed, even if only one is affected. Immediate post-surgery complications may include scooting, inflammation around the surgical site, and, in some cases, temporary fecal incontinence. The anal area and some parts around your dog's tail may also appear red and swollen during this time.

How do I get my Dog to Express Glands Naturally?

If your dog frequently experiences anal gland impactions, there are several at-home strategies you can implement to reduce the risk and promote the natural emptying of their anal sacs.

Support your dog's anal glands with dietary fiber

Enhance your dog's diet by incorporating a blend of soluble and insoluble fibers. These fibers help firm up your dog's stool, which in turn promotes the natural emptying of the anal sacs.

Optimal fiber supplements for dogs include apple pectin, pumpkin, and psyllium husk. For small dogs, a daily dosage of 1 tablespoon is recommended, while larger dogs may benefit from 2 tablespoons daily. As emphasized earlier, these supplements can help promote firmer stools and support the natural emptying of anal glands.

A healthy digestive tract helps protect anal glands in dogs

Enhancing your pet's digestive health through a balanced diet and the addition of probiotics can have a significant positive impact on their overall well-being, including reducing the risk of anal gland issues in dogs.

Opt for high-fiber foods rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which naturally help reduce inflammation in dogs. Incorporating these nutrients into your pet's diet can make dog anal glands more resilient against infection and inflammation.

Introducing probiotics into your dog's diet can help maintain a healthy balance of gut microflora. There are various probiotic options available for supplementation, such as Fortiflora, Proviable Forte, and Zumalka’s PROBIOPET, a natural homeopathic probiotic rich in beneficial bacteria.

Maintain Skin Health with Zumalka!

If your dog is frequently itching, it’s important to address the issue as soon as possible. Dogs with itchy skin tend to be more prone to impacted anal sacs.

While the exact cause is not fully understood, we do know that dogs experiencing perianal pruritus (itchy skin around the anus) are more likely to develop anal sac problems. So, how can you maintain your dog's skin health to help prevent this?

Consider a hypoallergenic diet

These veterinary-prescribed diets are specially formulated for dogs suspected of having food allergies. Over time, it has been discovered that dogs can develop allergies to various protein sources. These hypoallergenic diets feature hydrolyzed protein — protein that has been broken down into smaller components to evade detection by the body's immune system.

Additionally, they are fortified with essential nutrients such as DHA and EPA, along with other natural supplements that promote healthy skin.

The hypoallergenic formula is carefully designed to reduce ingredient sensitivities and is especially beneficial for dogs showing symptoms of food allergies or intolerances, whether through skin problems or digestive issues. This diet is also ideal for conducting food elimination trials to help identify and manage potential allergens in a dog's diet.

If your dog is experiencing itching around the anal area or body, be sure to consult your veterinarian about trying a hypoallergenic diet. It is crucial to remember that this issue can potentially lead to anal gland abscess if left unchecked.

SKIN AT PEACE from Zumalka is designed to relieve itching

Zumalka's homeopathic formula, SKIN AT PEACE, is specially crafted to address common skin concerns like dryness, itching, and irritation in your beloved pets. Designed to provide gentle relief and long-lasting support, it promotes balanced, healthy skin for both cats and dogs.

Whether your pet is experiencing excessive scratching or dealing with dry patches, our formula works to restore their skin’s natural moisture and alleviate discomfort.

Harnessing the power of high-quality natural ingredients, SKIN AT PEACE targets the root causes of common skin issues, providing soothing relief and promoting overall skin wellness. Give your pet the comfort and care they deserve with this premium natural product.

Infused with Graphites 30k, Petroleum 30k, and Natrum Muriaticum 30k: this powerful trio alleviates itchiness and effectively addresses concerns such as dryness, cracked skin, and eczema.

Enriched with Rhus Toxicodendron 30k, Dolichos Puriens 30k, and Urtica Urens 30k: these natural elements work to soothe itching, reduce redness, and calm blistered skin.

To Conclude

Anal gland issues in dogs are quite common and something I encounter frequently in my work. In many cases, adjusting a dog’s diet and adding extra fiber can help reduce the frequency of blockages and the need for manual expression, though it's not always a guaranteed fix.

Unfortunately, some dogs are naturally more prone to these issues, despite our best efforts. However, with the right knowledge and care, preventing diseases and illnesses is entirely achievable.

About the author

Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc

Dr. Simran Mudaliar BVSc is a New Zealand-based veterinarian specializing in holistic medicine and preventative care. She is passionate about educating pet owners on natural and comprehensive pet health.

Dr. Mudaliar integrates conventional veterinary medicine and surgery with complementary and alternative therapies to maintain long-term optimal health for her patients. She addresses a wide range of issues, from basic veterinary care to chronic conditions.

In addition to her clinical work, she mentors new graduate veterinarians and consults in holistic veterinary medicine and nutrition.

Dr. Mudaliar began her education in Zoology at Guelph University, Ontario, Canada, and completed her degree in Veterinary Science at Massey University, New Zealand.

In her spare time, she enjoys hiking with her husband, baby, and dog named Marley.

Read the complete profile of Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc (Veterinarian) here.