Gingivitis in Cats: Vet-Approved Prevention & Treatment Guide

Your veterinarian may have mentioned gingivitis in cats, but do you really know what it is and how it can lead to more serious dental issues? Understanding feline gingivitis is crucial to protecting your cat’s health—keep reading to learn more!

Understanding Periodontal Disease in Cats

Periodontal disease is one of the most common issues seen in veterinary medicine.

This term refers to the inflammation and breakdown of the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), the periodontal ligament (which holds the tooth in place), and the alveolar bone (the bone that supports the tooth).

Yes, gum disease also affects your cat's teeth.

When veterinarians discuss gingivitis in cats, they are referring to the initial stage of periodontal disease. This stage is manageable, and if addressed promptly, pet owners can avert the progression of periodontal disease.

What happens if you don't treat gingivitis in cats?

If left untreated, gingivitis in cats can lead to irreversible damage, such as the loss of alveolar bone and the formation of tooth root abscesses, resulting in painful and loose teeth. In short, your cat's dental health will be severely compromised.

The Role of Accumulated Plaque in Feline Gingivitis

Gingivitis in cats is the inflammation of the gum line caused by plaque, a bacterial biofilm mixed with salivary proteins. This condition can lead to swelling and damage to the underlying gum tissues.

Over time, plaque can harden into calculus, worsening irritation and promoting further plaque buildup. It’s important to note that the onset of gingivitis is often marked by red or swollen gums.

A Brief Overview on Feline Juvenile Gingivitis

Did you know that some kittens can develop gum inflammation or periodontal disease shortly after losing their baby teeth? This condition is known as feline hyperplastic gingivitis or juvenile onset periodontitis.

The exact cause of this severe inflammation in young cats remains unclear. However, some studies suggest a genetic component, with breeds like Maine Coons, Siamese, and Somali cats appearing to be more predisposed to the disease.

Bleeding gums while eating

• Halitosis (bad breath)
• Inflammation throughout gingiva
• Excessive drooling
• Sudden change in daily habits or routine

3 Factors that Increase the Risk of Gingivitis in Cats

First, the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) can affect a cat's oral health.

FIV-positive cats are more likely to develop significant periodontal disease and gingivitis due to their compromised immune systems. Similarly, the Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) has also been shown to cause inflamed gums and related oral health issues in cats.

Second, brachycephalic cat breeds are more prone to gum disease.

Brachycephalic cat breeds, such as the Burmese, Himalayan, and Persian, are more prone to developing gingivitis due to their smaller skulls, which can lead to teeth crowding and, consequently, an increased risk of gum inflammation.

Third, a senior cat's oral health is highly susceptible to dental calculus and tooth loss.

Older cats are more prone to developing gingivitis due to the cumulative effects of inadequate dental care and poor oral hygiene.

Treating Severe Inflammatory Dental Disease in Cats

For cats with mild to moderate gingivitis and periodontitis, your veterinarian may recommend a dental cleaning procedure. These procedures are carried out under anesthesia and typically involve the following steps:

• A full veterinary examination of all the cat's teeth and gingiva is performed. Under sedation, your veterinarian will check for loose teeth, tooth root abscesses, and signs of dental disease.
• Tooth cleaning begins with scaling and polishing, which eliminate plaque and tartar buildup on the teeth.
• If there is evidence of diseased teeth, tooth root abscesses, or mobile teeth, your veterinarian will perform a tooth extraction.

Don't worry, just like human dentists, veterinarians apply nerve blocks (local anesthetic) so your cat doesn't feel any pain. Anesthesia is also used during routine tooth cleanings and dental X-rays.

Gingivitis Treatment Starts at Home

Preventing chronic gingivitis and the onset of periodontitis starts at home. Remember, feline gingivitis can be reversed, so to prevent future dental issues, practice good dental hygiene with your cat at home.

1. Start by brushing your cat's teeth.

Yes, brushing your cat's teeth is the best way to reduce plaque formation on their gums, thus preventing feline gingivitis. Pay extra attention to the canine teeth, as they are most prone to plaque accumulation.

2. Use dental antiseptic wipes in your cat's mouth.

There are additional methods to prevent gum disease and plaque buildup in cats. Along with brushing your cat's teeth, you can use antiseptic dental wipes containing chlorhexidine or zinc ascorbate.

3. Use veterinary-approved dental chews and treats.

If tooth brushing is just simply too difficult then you consider trying veterinary-approved dental products. My favorite products for encouraging good dental health are the T/D dental biscuits by Hills and the Greenies cat dental treat.

4. Include Zumalka's GUMHAPPY for cat gingivitis.

If severe gingivitis is affecting your cat's health, it might be time to try our GUMHAPPY. This holistic, homeopathic remedy is specifically formulated to relieve severe cases of gingivitis in cats with significant dental disease.

This premium natural product is specifically designed to complement your veterinarian's recommendations. Remember, regular scale and polish treatments, along with professional dental check-ups, are essential for cats dealing with chronic gingivitis.

5. Use Zumalka's Tartar Control during your routine dental cleanings.

Give your cat the gift of healthy teeth with our TARTAR CONTROL. Our homeopaths recommend this effective remedy for breaking down excessive tartar buildup and reducing the risk of gingivitis. Make it a part of your cat's daily routine dental cleaning for a sparkling smile and optimal oral health.

In Conclusion

Gingivitis in cats is a painful condition that, if left untreated, can lead to severe dental disease and affect other parts of the body, such as the kidneys. Studies show that cats with periodontal disease have an increased risk of kidney failure. It's crucial to discuss with your veterinarian how to establish a good routine for your cat's dental care today.

About the author

Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc

Dr. Simran Mudaliar BVSc is a New Zealand-based veterinarian specializing in holistic medicine and preventative care. She is passionate about educating pet owners on natural and comprehensive pet health.

Dr. Mudaliar integrates conventional veterinary medicine and surgery with complementary and alternative therapies to maintain long-term optimal health for her patients. She addresses a wide range of issues, from basic veterinary care to chronic conditions.

In addition to her clinical work, she mentors new graduate veterinarians and consults in holistic veterinary medicine and nutrition.

Dr. Mudaliar began her education in Zoology at Guelph University, Ontario, Canada, and completed her degree in Veterinary Science at Massey University, New Zealand.

In her spare time, she enjoys hiking with her husband, baby, and dog named Marley.

Read the complete profile of Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc (Veterinarian) here.