Colitis in Dogs: Vet-Verified Causes, Symptoms, and Natural Treatments

At its core, colitis in dogs refers to inflammation of the colon, a condition that often leads to abnormal bowel movements, blood in the stool, and diarrhea. Determining the underlying cause can be tricky, as colitis may result from intestinal parasites, invasive E. coli, or even stress.

Each of these factors disrupts the digestive system in different ways, making diagnosis and treatment more complex. This article will guide you through the key steps to treating colitis in dogs at home, including managing symptoms and identifying when to seek veterinary care.

What is Colitis in Dogs?

Colitis refers to inflammation of a dog's colon, which is a part of the large intestine. This condition often leads to chronic diarrhea, and in more severe cases, the stool may contain bright red blood and mucus, giving it a jelly-like consistency.

There are three types of colitis that dogs can develop:

• Lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis — the most common type, often related to immune system issues;
• Pseudomembranous colitis — typically caused by bacterial infections; and
• Granulomatous colitis (GC) — a rare form often seen in certain breeds, such as Boxers.

Moreover, GC, also known as ulcerative colitis, is an inflammatory disease of the canine large intestine that can be caused by various factors, including E. coli infection, immune-mediated disease, and genetic predisposition.

Granulomatous colitis is often breed-specific

Certain dog breeds are prone to granulomatous colitis (GC), including the Beagle, Boxer, Doberman, and English Bulldog. Additionally, dogs diagnosed with histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC), a subtype of GC, often display symptoms such as sudden weight loss and anemia.

Key Symptoms of Colitis in Dogs

Whether acute or chronic colitis, this health issue typically presents with the following clinical signs:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Frequent defecation, often accompanied by straining or tenesmus
• Large bowel diarrhea, typically containing blood and mucus
• Flatulence and abdominal pain
• Sudden lethargy or lack of interest in play
• Dehydration, often caused by frequent bouts of large intestinal diarrhea
• Vomiting, though less common than other symptoms

If you notice these canine colitis symptoms, consult your veterinarian or pet wellness expert promptly for a proper diagnosis. Early detection can often prevent more serious health complications, helping to protect your dog’s quality of life.

Is Colitis a Form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Yes, colitis in dogs is considered a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease being the primary types. Ulcerative colitis specifically affects the colon, while Crohn's disease can target any part of the gastrointestinal tract and cause more extensive damage beyond the mucosal surface.

Contrary to popular belief, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are not the same. IBS primarily refers to a functional disturbance in the gastrointestinal tract, without any intestinal inflammation. On the other hand, IBD triggers inflammation, disrupting normal colonic contractions, and can cause visible damage to the GI tract.

Diagnosing colitis in dogs often involves a thorough rectal examination, fecal analysis, and a review of the affected dog's medical history. In some cases, colonic biopsies may be performed, as the clinical signs of colitis, such as diarrhea or weight loss, can mimic those of canine cancer.

What Causes Colitis in Dogs?

When a dog develops colitis, pinpointing the exact cause can be challenging. In some cases, the condition is classified as idiopathic, meaning the cause remains unknown. However, veterinarians use various diagnostic methods to determine the underlying cause whenever possible.

Some potential causes of acute colitis in dogs include:

• Stress: Significant changes in a dog’s environment, such as boarding at kennels, can lead to stress-induced colitis.
• Parasites: Colitis can be caused by parasites such as Giardia and whipworms.
• Bacterial infection: More common in dogs fed raw meat.
• Dietary indiscretion: Consuming inappropriate items, like garbage or table scraps, can trigger colitis.
• Prolonged antibiotic use: Though rare, extended antibiotic treatment can also cause colitis.

Acute Colitis vs. Chronic Colitis in Dogs

Acute colitis in dogs is usually short-term, often triggered by allergic reactions, infections, or inflammation. In contrast, chronic dogs colitis can persist for months or even years and is frequently associated with autoimmune disorders or prolonged use of certain medications.

It's essential to remember that regardless of the type of colitis your dog is suffering from, prompt and proper treatment is key to addressing the issue effectively.

Dog Colitis Treatment

When treating canine colitis, the primary goal is to eliminate intestinal parasites (if present), address bacterial infections, and reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Your veterinarian may use a multi-faceted approach, including:

• Fenbendazole treatment: A deworming drug used to eliminate intestinal parasites.
• Antibiotics: Prescription of Metronidazole or other antibiotics to treat confirmed bacterial infections.
• IV fluid therapy: Required for dogs with moderate to severe colitis to prevent dehydration and promote faster recovery.
• Prednisone: A glucocorticoid with immunomodulatory effects prescribed to reduce inflammation in the colon.

How to Treat Colitis in Dogs Naturally

Before attempting to treat your dog's colitis at home with natural remedies, it's crucial to consult your veterinarian to identify the underlying cause of the large bowel diarrhea. Professional guidance is essential to ensure your dog receives the appropriate treatment and makes a full, speedy recovery.

1. Slippery Elm Herb

If you're looking to naturally alleviate colitis in dogs at home, consider asking your veterinarian about Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra). This mucilaginous herb lubricates and soothes the digestive tract, helps absorb toxins, and stabilizes inflammation in the intestines.

Slippery elm also contains antioxidants that support immune health and promote overall digestive wellness. For this reason, holistic veterinarians often recommend it for treating conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and even kennel cough in dogs.

2. Probiotics & Prebiotics

When addressing bloody diarrhea in dogs, a common recommendation is to include both probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment plan.

Prebiotics, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), are plant-based sugars that nourish beneficial bacteria in your dog's digestive system. FOS supports the growth of healthy bacteria, which helps outcompete harmful bacteria, while also aiding in the absorption of essential minerals and nutrients.

Probiotics, on the other hand, consist of beneficial bacterial species with immunomodulatory effects. Adding probiotics to your dog’s diet can help restore the natural balance in the digestive tract, supporting ideal colonic motility, and promoting overall gut health.

3. Zumalka PROBIOPET

Let me introduce you to PROBIOPET by Zumalka, a natural supplement designed to boost your pet’s digestive health. Here’s why this premium natural product is essential for your furry friend:

• Supports digestive health: PROBIOPET’s powerful probiotics balance gut flora, ensuring smooth digestion and better nutrient absorption.
• Boosts immune function: By nurturing a healthy gut, PROBIOPET helps strengthen your pet’s immune system, keeping them protected from within.
• Eases digestive discomfort: Say goodbye to common issues like diarrhea, constipation, and bloating—PROBIOPET promotes overall digestive wellness.
• Promotes regularity: PROBIOPET helps maintain consistent bowel movements, reducing the risk of constipation.
• Enhances nutrient absorption: PROBIOPET ensures your pet gets the most out of their diet by supporting a thriving gut environment.
• Supports overall well-being: A healthy digestive system boosts your pet’s energy, coat condition, and happiness, helping them thrive.

4. Psyllium Husk

When using alternative treatment options for colitis in dogs, I often recommend supplementing their diet with psyllium husk, a natural alternative to slippery elm. Like slippery elm, psyllium husk is a mucilaginous supplement that helps soothe the intestinal lining while also absorbing toxins and firming up stools.

If you don’t have access to slippery elm, try adding 1 to 4 tablespoons of psyllium husk to your dog's meals. Start with a smaller amount for smaller dogs and adjust the dosage for larger dogs. Just be sure your dog has plenty of water, as psyllium husk works best when properly hydrated.

5. Purple Sweet Potato

Purple sweet potato is known to offer various health benefits for the colon and digestive tract in both humans and dogs. The presence of chemicals like  anthocyanins in sweet potatoes helps regulate and promote a healthy gut microbiota. Additionally, the extract is believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which aid in gut healing.

6. Novel Protein Diets

In recent years, food allergies in dogs have become increasingly common, and these allergies are often linked to protein sources rather than carbohydrates or grains. Common proteins that can trigger colitis through allergies include chicken and beef, while allergens like corn, dairy, and wheat can also play a role.

When dogs have a food allergy, they often suffer from gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, colitis (inflammation of the colon), or frequent bowel movements. Many also display dermatological symptoms like generalized itching.

To address chronic colitis and food allergies, your veterinarian may recommend starting your dog on a novel diet. This involves a strict food trial where all other dog food is eliminated, and the dog is fed a single, new protein source to which they haven’t been exposed before. Examples of novel protein sources include duck, kangaroo, venison, fish, or rabbit.

If you suspect your dog may have a food allergy, it's important to consult with your veterinarian to explore dietary options that can alleviate their symptoms and improve their overall health.

What about Stress Colitis in Dogs?

Treating stress-related colitis in dogs naturally often involves a combination of dietary adjustments, herbal anti-anxiety tonics, and, in some cases, modern medications. Homeopathic remedies such as Aconite 30c, Belladonna 30c, and Lycopodium 30c are thought to help balance the nervous system and soothe an anxious mind, which can be beneficial for dogs suffering from stress-induced symptoms.

CALMPET for Stress Colitis in Dogs

Is your dog frequently dealing with stress-related colitis? Try CALMPET from Zumalka!

CALMPET is packed with all-natural homeopathic ingredients designed to support both the mind and body. For example, Gelsemium is known for helping with trembling and weakness, particularly when accompanied by diarrhea due to nervousness or emotional upset. It's also useful during flu-like symptoms such as lethargy, fever, and chills.

Lycopodium helps normalize digestion while supporting mental well-being, making it an excellent choice for dogs with digestive issues linked to stress. Meanwhile, Argentum Nitricum, a widely used homeopathic remedy, addresses anxiety, stress, and digestive disturbances.

Together, these ingredients work harmoniously to calm your dog’s mind and support the healing process.

In Conclusion

If your dog has a mild case of acute colitis—perhaps from eating table scraps—at-home treatment, such as withholding food for 12-24 hours or offering bland meals, may be sufficient. However, if your dog frequently suffers from colitis or has persistent bloody diarrhea lasting more than 48 hours, it’s important to consult your veterinarian.

Many veterinarians today prefer to avoid antibiotics and instead recommend a more integrative, holistic approach. This often includes lifestyle adjustments, stress management, and dietary changes to support long-term health. Be proactive and schedule a consultation with your vet to explore the best treatment options for your dog’s ongoing well-being.

About the author

Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc

Dr. Simran Mudaliar BVSc is a New Zealand-based veterinarian specializing in holistic medicine and preventative care. She is passionate about educating pet owners on natural and comprehensive pet health.

Dr. Mudaliar integrates conventional veterinary medicine and surgery with complementary and alternative therapies to maintain long-term optimal health for her patients. She addresses a wide range of issues, from basic veterinary care to chronic conditions.

In addition to her clinical work, she mentors new graduate veterinarians and consults in holistic veterinary medicine and nutrition.

Dr. Mudaliar began her education in Zoology at Guelph University, Ontario, Canada, and completed her degree in Veterinary Science at Massey University, New Zealand.

In her spare time, she enjoys hiking with her husband, baby, and dog named Marley.

Read the complete profile of Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc (Veterinarian) here.