What to Do When Your Dog Has a Seizure: A Vet-Verified Step-by-Step Guide
Seizures in dogs, whether mild or severe, can be frightening for pet parents. Understanding what’s happening and knowing how to respond can make a significant difference for both you and your pet.
This article will guide you through what to do when your dog has a seizure, explain the various types of seizures, and highlight natural remedies that may help lessen their frequency and severity, supporting your pet’s overall well-being and happiness.
How Do You Respond to a Seizure in Dogs?
Dealing with a dog seizure can be daunting, but most pet parents will have no trouble doing it. Should you observe that your pet is experiencing a seizure, make sure you keep the following in mind:
#1. Stay calm.
As a veterinarian, I often see pet parents panic when their dogs show signs of a seizure. If your furry companion experiences an episode, stay calm to provide the care and attention they need.
Panicking will only make managing the situation more challenging. Additionally, panicking will only add to your dog's confusion once the seizure passes. The best approach is to speak to them in a calm, soothing tone.
#2. Ensure that your dog is in a safe place.
Because canine seizures can occur without warning, keep your pet from hazards such as sharp edges, furniture, toys, and other household items. In an emergency, you can safely move your dog by gently pulling their hind legs in the desired direction or wrapping them in a blanket for secure transport after the seizure has passed.
If your dog is having a seizure near furniture, place pillows around them and gently protect their head with your hand to prevent further injury. However, avoid placing your hand too close to their face and never put your hand in their mouth.
#3. Never place anything in your dog’s mouth.
Despite common misconceptions, dogs do not swallow their tongues during a seizure. Trying to place something in their mouth can cause oral injuries, such as chipped teeth or perforated gums, and also puts you at risk of being bitten.
#4. Record and time the seizure.
As mentioned earlier, seizures lasting more than five minutes can be life-threatening for dogs. It is essential to record the start and end time of the seizure, as this information is crucial for your veterinarian. Using your smartphone makes this task simple, and it can be done either by you or with the help of another person.
#5. Keep your dog cool.
A dog's body temperature can rise significantly during a seizure. To help prevent overheating, turn on a fan or gently wipe their paws with cool water. However, avoid using ice, as your dog cannot communicate if it becomes too cold. Additionally, applying ice directly to their skin can cause frostbite.
#6. Do not unnecessarily touch your pet.
While offering soothing words to comfort your dog during a seizure is important, avoid unnecessary physical contact to reduce the risk of accidental bites. Allow your pet to recover quietly without excessive interference, and never provide food or water during the episode.
Although most seizures resolve quickly, some episodes may last a minute or longer. If your dog’s condition does not improve or something seems seriously wrong, it is best to seek immediate veterinary care.
What Does a Dog Seizure Look Like?
A seizure in dogs involves sudden muscle twitching and uncontrollable shaking, which can last from a few seconds to several minutes. It is also common for dogs to lose control of their bodily functions during an episode.
Some canine seizures can be so severe that a dog may lose consciousness. In other cases, your pet’s legs may become weak and unsteady. Seizure episodes can range from mild twitching to intense, full-body trembling.
Are dog seizures always an emergency?
The short answer is no—an isolated seizure is typically not life-threatening. However, seizures that last longer than five minutes or occur in rapid succession require immediate attention, as they can raise a dog’s body temperature to dangerous levels and potentially cause brain damage.
What Causes Seizures in Dogs?
The most common triggers for dog seizures are extracranial causes (factors outside the brain) that interfere with normal brain function. These include:
- Exposure to toxins such as xylitol, mycotoxins, antifreeze, chocolate, and caffeine.
- Metabolic disorders like hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), hyponatremia (low sodium levels), and hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels).
- Systemic conditions such as kidney disease or liver disorders.
On the other hand, seizures in dogs can also be triggered by intracranial (inside the brain) causes. Common reasons include:
- Infectious diseases, including meningitis, meningoencephalitis, rabies and canine distemper
- Structural brain abnormalities resulting from trauma, stroke, tumors, or inflammatory conditions
Interestingly, age can play a significant role in canine seizures. Puppies under six months old and young dogs are more vulnerable to infectious diseases, while older and senior dogs face a higher risk of conditions like canine cancer.
Moreover, when all other potential causes have been ruled out, idiopathic epilepsy may be identified as the cause. This condition is more common in certain breeds, including Bull Terriers, Golden Retrievers, Old English Sheepdogs, Irish Setters, Collies, Wire Fox Terriers, and Australian Shepherds.
Are dog seizures and epilepsy the same?
Contrary to common belief, “seizure” and “epilepsy” are related but not the same. A seizure is usually a single event that may indicate an underlying health issue, while epilepsy is a medical condition defined by recurrent seizures.
What is refractory epilepsy?
In veterinary medicine, “refractory epilepsy” refers to a condition in which an animal with epilepsy does not achieve adequate seizure control or experiences adverse side effects, even with appropriate treatment using conventional antiepileptic medications.
What are the Different Types of Canine Seizures?
It may come as a surprise that dog seizures can occur in several different types, each with its unique characteristics. These seizures can vary in duration, underlying causes, symptoms, and overall impact on your dog’s health and well-being. Below is a quick overview of each type:
Cluster seizures refer to two or more seizures occurring within 24 hours. They are a critical medical emergency that can escalate to a life-threatening condition called Status Epilepticus (SE) if not promptly treated.
Status Epilepticus (SE) is a critical condition in which a seizure lasts longer than five minutes or multiple seizures occur consecutively without the dog regaining full consciousness between episodes. SE is life-threatening and demands immediate veterinary care.
Focal seizures, also known as partial seizures, are caused by abnormal electrical activity in a specific area of one side of the brain. Symptoms often include twitching or muscle contractions, usually limited to one side of the body. Dogs experiencing focal seizures may remain conscious or lose consciousness, depending on the severity.
Canine Grand Mal seizures, also known as tonic-clonic generalized seizures, are the most common type of seizure in dogs. Hallmark signs include neck extension with stiff, rigid limbs, followed by rhythmic movements of the limbs and head.
While a single seizure episode is usually not dangerous, seizures lasting five minutes or longer can become life-threatening due to potential brain damage. Cluster seizures also demand immediate veterinary attention.
Are There Natural Remedies for Dog Seizures?
Yes, there are natural ways to help you manage seizures in dogs. We will have an overview of each of these in this part of our discussion, exploring methods such as dietary adjustments, herbal supplements, and lifestyle changes to support your pet's well-being.
Vagal nerve stimulation
If you notice signs that your dog may be about to have a seizure, try gently pressing on their closed eyes for 10-20 seconds—this technique, known as ocular compression, may help. If needed, you can repeat it every five minutes. This simple technique may help reduce the likelihood of a seizure by stimulating the vagus nerve.
The vagus nerve, also known as the 10th cranial nerve (cranial nerve X), runs through the neck region of dogs, extending from the throat to just before the chest.
Traditional Chinese medicine
This includes herbal remedies and procedures, particularly acupuncture, which has been seen to help with refractory seizures, even when they are also taking antiepileptic medication. It may also help lower the dose of anticonvulsants.
It’s essential to have a trained specialist perform this procedure to ensure your dog’s safety and avoid any potential complications.
Dietary adjustments
Some foods and beverages that are harmless to humans can trigger seizures in dogs. These include chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, raw bread dough, the artificial sweetener xylitol, and excessive amounts of salt. Keeping these items out of your dog’s reach can help reduce the risk of seizures.
Incorporating foods rich in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) into your dog’s diet may help manage canine seizures by blocking specific brain receptors involved in triggering them. Examples of MCT-rich foods include virgin coconut oil, palm oil, and certain dairy products such as goat’s milk.
A word of caution: avoid giving too much coconut or palm oil, as they can have laxative effects. Additionally, while goat milk is more digestible than cow’s milk, some dogs may be allergic to it. It’s best to start with small amounts to see how your pet reacts.
There are also commercial dog food brands formulated for this purpose. However, it is important to transition your dog’s diet gradually to avoid gastrointestinal distress or stomach upsets.
To transition your dog to a new food, start by replacing 25% of their regular diet with the new food on the first day. Increase the portion to 50% by the third day, 75% by the fifth day, and by the seventh day, your dog should be fully transitioned to the new food.
Cannabidiol (CBD) oil
Preliminary studies indicate that dogs with epilepsy who received CBD oil alongside their anti-seizure medications experienced fewer seizures compared to those who did not receive CBD.
However, further research is necessary to fully understand the effectiveness and safety of CBD use in dogs.
Zumalka’s TONICPET #6 and VITALOPET
For holistic care that supports your pet’s mental and cognitive well-being, consider adding Zumalka’s TONICPET #6 to their routine. This all-natural homeopathic tonic is specially formulated to support your pet’s nervous system.
Its key ingredient, Kalium phosphoricum, is a natural cell salt known for its calming effects on stressed minds. This blend not only strengthens the nervous system but also helps reduce anxiety, making it an excellent choice for maintaining your pet’s overall tranquility.
For optimal results, pair TONICPET #6 with VITALOPET. Together, this powerful combination promotes balanced physical vitality and mental well-being for your pet.
How Do Vets Treat Canine Seizures?
Your veterinarian needs to conduct a thorough examination to identify potential causes or triggers of your dog’s seizures. A precise diagnosis is key to creating the best treatment plan to support your dog’s health.
The most commonly used conventional medications for managing seizures in dogs include anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), as well as rectal diazepam or intranasal midazolam.
Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs)
These medications help manage seizures by reducing excitatory neurotransmitter activity, enhancing inhibitory pathways, or altering ion channel function in the brain. Commonly used drugs include phenobarbital, potassium bromide, and levetiracetam.
It is important to have regular veterinary check-ups, as these medications may cause side effects.
Rectal Diazepam or intranasal Midazolam
Keep diazepam for rectal use or intranasal midazolam readily available, as prescribed by your veterinarian. Administering these medications during a seizure can help reduce its duration and severity.
Dogs with refractory epilepsy may face additional challenges during treatment. This makes regular monitoring and seeking guidance from a veterinarian or a pet homeopathy expert essential for managing the condition effectively.
How Do You Monitor and Manage Seizures in Dogs at Home?
As mentioned earlier, regular monitoring is essential for supporting a dog with seizures. Here are some simple and effective ways to help you monitor and manage your dog’s condition at home:
Start a seizure journal
Keep a thorough log of your dog’s seizures, including which body parts were affected, the time they occurred, how often they happened, and how long they lasted. This will help you better understand your dog’s condition and provide valuable information to your veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert for effective treatment.
A long-term commitment to your beloved dog
It’s important to remember that once anti-seizure medication is started, it typically becomes a lifelong commitment. Providing this long-term care is essential to supporting your canine family member’s health and well-being.
FAQs
What causes a dog to have a seizure?
Seizures in dogs can result from epilepsy, toxins, metabolic imbalances, brain injuries, tumors, or infections. Determining the cause is crucial for proper diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care.
What does a dog seizure look like?
A dog seizure may include collapsing, muscle twitching, jerking, drooling, paddling legs, chomping, or loss of consciousness. Dogs may also foam at the mouth, vocalize, or lose bladder control during an episode, followed by confusion or disorientation.
What not to do after your dog has a seizure?
After your dog has a seizure, don’t panic, restrain them, or put your hands near their mouth. Avoid giving food, water, or medication immediately. Keep them calm, monitor them closely, and contact your veterinarian for guidance.
How can I treat my dog's seizures at home?
To manage your dog’s seizures at home, follow your veterinarian’s prescribed treatment plan, keep emergency medications like rectal diazepam or intranasal midazolam on hand, maintain a seizure diary, reduce stress, and provide a safe, calm environment. Exploring natural treatment options and remedies with your vet’s guidance may also be beneficial.
Is it okay to give your dog water after a seizure?
Yes, you can offer your dog water after a seizure once they are fully alert and calm. Ensure they are stable before providing small amounts of water to prevent choking or distress.
What food to give a dog after a seizure?
After a seizure, offer your dog a small meal of easily digestible food, such as boiled chicken, rice, or a veterinarian-recommended diet. Foods rich in healthy fats, like those containing MCTs, may also support recovery.
Can dirty water cause seizures in dogs?
Yes, dirty water can cause seizures in dogs due to toxins, bacteria, or parasites in contaminated water. Ingesting harmful substances can affect the nervous system, potentially leading to seizures and other serious health issues.
How do you heal a dog from a seizure?
To help your dog recover from a seizure, follow your veterinarian’s treatment plan, administer prescribed medications, consider natural remedies, provide a calm environment, monitor their condition, maintain a balanced diet, and schedule regular veterinary check-ups for ongoing care.
What is the best medicine for dogs with seizures?
The best medication for dogs with seizures depends on the dog’s condition, but commonly used treatments include levetiracetam, potassium bromide, and phenobarbital. Consult your veterinarian to determine the most suitable option for your dog.
Are scrambled eggs good for dogs with seizures?
Yes, plain scrambled eggs provide quality protein and essential nutrients for dogs with seizures. Serve them without seasoning or additives, and consult your veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert before making any dietary changes.
Can a dog go back to normal after a seizure?
Yes, most dogs recover fully after a seizure, though they may seem confused or tired for a short time. With appropriate care and treatment, dogs with seizures can continue to live normal, healthy lives.
Should I be worried if my dog has a seizure?
A single seizure may not be cause for immediate alarm, but you should contact your veterinarian. Frequent or prolonged seizures can indicate serious health issues, so prompt veterinary evaluation is important for diagnosis and proper management.
Does sugar water help dogs with seizures?
Sugar water may help dogs experiencing seizures caused by low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). However, it’s essential to consult your veterinarian before administering any treatment to ensure it’s appropriate for your dog’s specific condition.
Do dogs get hungry after a seizure?
Yes, dogs often feel hungry after a seizure due to the energy expended during the episode. A small, nutritious meal can help replenish their energy, but consult your veterinarian or pet homeopathy professional for specific post-seizure care advice.
How to prevent dog seizures?
Preventing dog seizures involves following your veterinarian’s treatment plan, administering prescribed medications, maintaining a consistent routine, reducing stress, providing a balanced diet, scheduling regular check-ups, and considering natural options.
Should you give a dog ice cream after a seizure?
It’s best not to give your dog ice cream after a seizure, as many dogs are lactose intolerant, and sugary foods can be harmful. Instead, offer a small, nutritious snack and consult your veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert for appropriate post-seizure care.
Should I let my dog sleep after a seizure?
Yes, letting your dog sleep after a seizure is beneficial for recovery. Ensure they are safe and comfortable, and monitor for any concerning symptoms. Contact your veterinarian if anything unusual occurs or if you have concerns.
Do dogs drink a lot of water after a seizure?
Yes, dogs often drink more water after a seizure due to dehydration from muscle activity and drooling during the episode. Allow access to fresh water, but monitor their intake and consult your veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert if concerned.
Should I hug my dog during a seizure?
No, you should not hug your dog during a seizure. Avoid restraining them to prevent injury. Instead, ensure their safety by clearing the area and waiting until the seizure ends before offering comfort and care.
What is the most common dog breed to have seizures?
The most common dog breeds prone to seizures include Beagles, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Belgian Tervurens, and Shetland Sheepdogs. Genetic factors often play a role, making certain breeds more susceptible to epilepsy and seizure disorders.
How do vets treat seizures in dogs?
Veterinarians treat seizures in dogs with antiepileptic medications such as phenobarbital, potassium bromide, and levetiracetam. Emergency treatments may include diazepam or midazolam. Regular monitoring, blood tests, and adjustments to medication are essential for managing the condition effectively over time.
Can you touch a dog while having a seizure?
No, you should avoid touching a dog during a seizure to prevent accidental injury. Instead, ensure the area is safe, remove hazards, and wait until the seizure ends before offering comfort and care.
Can dog seizures go away?
Some dog seizures may resolve with proper treatment, particularly when caused by toxins or metabolic imbalances. However, chronic conditions like epilepsy often require lifelong management through medication, natural therapies, and regular veterinary care.
When to worry about dog seizures?
Worry if your dog’s seizure lasts more than five minutes, occurs frequently, or if they have difficulty recovering. Seek immediate veterinary care if seizures are prolonged, cluster together, or are accompanied by other unusual symptoms or behaviors.
Can foods trigger seizures in dogs?
Certain foods, such as chocolate, caffeine, xylitol, alcohol, excessive salt, and raw bread dough, can trigger seizures in dogs. Keep these items away from your pet and consult your veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert for safe dietary guidance.
What are the warning signs of a seizure?
Warning signs of a seizure in dogs include restlessness, whining, drooling, staring, confusion, or seeking attention. Physical signs like muscle twitching, trembling, or unresponsiveness may also occur before the seizure begins. Promptly consult your veterinarian if noticed.
How do I know if my dog is having a seizure while sleeping?
A dog having a seizure while sleeping may exhibit paddling legs, muscle twitching, drooling, vocalizing, or rigid body movements. Unlike dreaming, seizures are more intense and prolonged. Consult your veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert if you observe these signs.
What time of day do dogs have seizures?
Dogs can have seizures at any time of day or night. However, seizures often occur during periods of rest, sleep, or excitement due to changes in brain activity at these times.
What can be mistaken for a seizure in dogs?
Episodes that can be mistaken for seizures in dogs include fainting, muscle tremors, vestibular disease, narcolepsy, or sudden pain responses. A thorough veterinary examination is essential to accurately distinguish seizures from other medical conditions.
What are the signs of distemper in dogs?
Signs of distemper in dogs include fever, eye and nasal discharge, coughing, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle tremors, seizures, and paralysis. Prompt veterinary care is essential for managing the disease and improving your dog’s prognosis.
Does milk help dogs with seizures?
Milk is not a proven treatment for dog seizures. While it provides calcium and nutrients, it may cause digestive issues in lactose-intolerant dogs. Always consult your veterinarian or pet wellness expert for appropriate seizure management and treatment options for your dog.
Do bananas help dogs with seizures?
Bananas are healthy dog snacks, providing potassium, vitamins, and fiber, but they are not a proven remedy for seizures. Consult your veterinarian for proper seizure management and treatment options for your dog.
What is the best food for epilepsy?
The best food for dogs with epilepsy often includes diets rich in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), such as those found in prescription ketogenic diets, coconut oil, and balanced commercial diets. Consult your veterinarian and pet homeopathy expert for personalized dietary recommendations.
What are 5 foods to avoid that cause seizures?
Five foods to avoid that can cause seizures in dogs are chocolate, caffeine, xylitol (artificial sweetener), alcohol, and excessive salt. Keep these foods out of reach to help prevent potential seizure triggers in your dog.
Can drinking water prevent seizures?
Drinking water does not prevent seizures, but proper hydration supports overall brain and body function. Dehydration can worsen underlying conditions, so ensuring your dog stays hydrated is essential for overall health and seizure management.
A Final Word
Seizures in dogs should never be ignored. While witnessing a seizure may not always indicate an immediate emergency, consulting a veterinarian or pet homeopathy expert is essential to identify the underlying cause and ensure proper care.
While conventional treatments are commonly used for canine seizures, natural alternatives are also available. Remember, seizures can be a symptom of an underlying health condition, so it’s important to consult a veterinarian or pet wellness professional promptly.
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